Spinning-black-holes survey

terça-feira, 29 de janeiro de 2008

Spinning-black-holes survey

New Chandra data reveal rapidy whirling black holes.

Provided by Chandra X-Ray Center

This illustration shows a close-up view of a supermassive black hole in a galaxy's center. NASA/CXC/M.Weiss [View Larger Image]

January 10, 2008
Results from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, combined with new theoretical calculations, provide one of the best pieces of evidence yet that many supermassive black holes are spinning extremely rapidly.

The Chandra images show pairs of huge bubbles, or cavities, in the hot gaseous atmospheres of the galaxies, created in each case by jets produced by a central supermassive black hole. Studying these cavities allows the power output of the jets to be calculated.

The Chandra images were also used to estimate how much fuel is available for each supermassive black hole, using a simple model for the way matter falls towards such an object.

This artist's impression shows gas within a "sphere of influence" falling straight inwards towards a black hole before joining a rapidly spinning disk of matter near the center. NASA/CXC/M.Weiss [View Larger Image]

Previous work with these Chandra data showed that the higher the rate at which matter falls towards these supermassive black holes, the higher their power output is in jets. However, without detailed theory the implications of this result for black hole behavior were unclear. The new study uses these Chandra results combined with the leading theoretical models for the production of jets, plus general relativity, to show that the supermassive black holes in these galaxies must be spinning close to the maximum rate. If black holes are spinning at this limit, material can be dragged around them at close to the speed of light, the speed from Einstein's theory of relativity.